Anxiety and depression as predisposing factors of poor quality of life in caregivers of people with chronic conditions

Abstract

Chronic diseases represent a significant public health problem, being responsible for 74 % of world mortality, with 41 million deaths per year. In the Americas, 15 million people between 30 and 69 years of age die each year due to these pathologies, and in Colombia, 76 % of morbidity is due to chronic diseases such as psychiatric diseases, hypertensive heart disease, heart disease, diabetes and epilepsy. These diseases affect not only patients but also their caregivers, who suffer physical, social, biological and mental alterations, as well as changes in their social and economic dynamics. Caring for a chronically ill person can lead caregivers to experience insomnia, depression and anxiety, due to the responsibility of meeting the needs of the sick person. It is crucial to address the mental health of caregivers and perform specific nursing interventions to prevent and manage caregiver burnout, thereby improving the quality of life for both patients and their caregivers. Anxiety and depression are common among caregivers, influenced by sudden role change, decreased free time and leisure activities, and exclusive focus on caregiving. From the nursing discipline, it is essential to develop holistic interventions that include the family and community in the care plan, improving the relationship and communication between nurse, patient and caregiver. Education and constant follow-up are fundamental tools to support caregivers and detect mental health problems early